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¼ inch audio-tape material recorded by Éamon de Buitléar, mainly on a Nagra III, mostly external recordings done in conjunction with his film work, some studio and sound effect recordings also.

Summary written by Bill Bowring) following the admission of the application of Zübeyir Dündar by the European Court of Human Rights, followed by the author's questions raised in light of the admission. Bowring notes that it is impossible to appeal the Court's decision not to admit the portion of the application regarding the treatment of Mesut Dündar's body, and that 'It appears to me that it will be very hard to establish either that Mesut was taken into custody by the security forces, or that he was killed by them. Instead, the Court is highly likely to decide that the government's investigation was inadequate, and thus to find violations of Arts. 2, 6 and 13.' Bowring asks if the Kurdish Human Rights Project can provide translations of documents submitted by the Government and poses a number of questions for Zübeyir Dündar with regards to any further evidence that may exist, any losses the applicant may have suffered, or whether Zübeyir has been contacted by Government authorities in the last three years.

Response of the applicant to the observations of the Turkish Government on the application of Zübeyir Dündar to the European Commission of Human Rights. The reply notes that the Government appears to have made no attempt to locate or interview the witnesses referred to in the application, or any other witnesses, regarding the death and strangulation/dragging of Mesut Dündar. The reply also states that the Government's fear of the body of Mesut Dündar being booby-trapped is inherently implausible as it would have been foolish to disturb the body by attaching a rope or wire to it, notes that the photographs contained in the application's appendices show a number of security officers standing close to the body, and notes that the condition of Mesut's body and clothes as describes are consistent with his having been dragged a much longer distances than the respondent Government contends. The reply also refutes the idea that the application was submitted beyond the allowed time limit, as 'It was only after about 20 September 1994 that it became clear to the Applicant that the respondent Government were not taking, and would not take, the inquiry into his son's death seriously, and that there was no propsect of obtaining redress other than by applying to the Commission.' (2 copies)

Observations on the merits of the Zübeyir Dündar application submitted to the European Commission of Human Rights on behalf of the applicants, including schedules of claims for damages and legal fees.

Supplementary materials pertaining to the case filed by Zübeyir Dündar on 3 March 1995 against the Republic of Turkey with the European Commission of Human Rights (application number 26972/95, referred to internally within the Kurdish Litigation Project as Case 26 and assigned to Bill Bowring as lead, later replaced by Anke Stock of the Kurdish Human Rights Project) regarding the unlawful killing of his mentally disabled son, Mesut Dündar, and the subsequent failure to carry out an effective investigation into the circumstances of the killing. Materials from the main casefile are located at A44/43/1/26.
Mesut Dündar was born in 1972 and suffered from meningitis. Zübeyir Dündar was unable to have his son treated and the son remained mentally disabled as a result. Mesut was always interested in Kurdish national music, poetry and colours and on many occasions used to walk in front of the crowd on Kurdish national holidays, carrying the Kurdish colours; yellow, red and green. These activities of attracted the attention of the police, who took to following him and, on occasions, raided his family home. Mesut was taken into custody three times, and on each such occasion he was beaten and tortured by the police.
In about July 1992, police officers from Cizre Police Headquarters raided Zübeyir Dündar’s home and told the applicant that they had come to take Mesut Dündar to Elazığ Psychiatric Hospital for treatment. They took the applicant and Mesut to the Police Headquarters. Mesut was terrified that he would be killed in the hospital and jumped out of a window and escaped. Thereupon the police officers took the applicant around Cizre town centre and neighbouring villages for three days, during which they unsuccessfully looked for Mesut. According to Zübeyir, he was beaten by the officers and was threatened with death if he did not find his son and hand him over to the police. The applicant was released at the end of the third day, only after having promised the police officers that if he saw his son he would bring him in himself. Mesut Dündar never returned home, instead staying with friends and telephoning the applicant's house every day in order to speak to his mother. The police often visited the applicant's house to ask about his son’s whereabouts. After some time, Mesut Dündar no longer telephoned and the police no longer came to the applicant's home. The applicant therefore began to suspect that the police had caught Mesut Dündar.
On 6 September 1992 Mesut Dündar's strangled body was found near the Şeyh Değirmenci watermill, near the Sulak village. A report of an interview with four women from Sulak, who had been taking yoghurt to the market in Cizre in the early hours of that day, and another person, was published in Özgür Gündem newspaper on 19 November 1992. According to this interview, four armed persons, one of whom was thought to be a police officer, had strangled Mesut Dündar while his arms were tied behind his back. Soldiers, who had come to the place where Mesut Dündar had been strangled following the killing, had dragged his body behind an armoured personnel carrier, claiming that they were doing so because they thought there might be a booby-trap under the body. The applicant's family heard at a later stage that Mesut Dündar's corpse was at the hospital. A member of the family went to the hospital where the body was handed over to him. The whole of Mesut Dündar's ribcage, throat and neck were covered in bruises. His face and eyes were dirty with mud and there were red spots and bruises in 34 places on his neck.
Zübeyir Dündar contacted the Prosecutor and asked him what had happened to his son. The Prosecutor told him that Mesut Dündar had been strangled. He did not take any statements from the applicant, nor did he ask the applicant whether he wished to start legal proceedings.
On 13 September 1994 the applicant and his family lodged a petition with the Cizre Prosecutor to find out whether there was an on-going investigation and what stage it had reached. The prosecutor had been friendly until the applicant mentioned the case of Mesut Dündar. The applicant was told by the Prosecutor's clerk that the case was closed. The applicant later discovered that the investigation was continuing.
On 20 September 2005, the European Court of Human Rights unanimously ruled that violations of Articles 2 (only with regards to the investigation of Mesut Dündar’s death, not the death itself) and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights had occurred but ruled that no violations of Articles 3 occurred. In its judgment, the Court noted that Mesut Dündar ‘s death occurred two months after he fled from police, and that the onus was on the applicant to prove that Mesut’s death was caused by agent of the State, to which he had provided no evidence. The Government were ordered to pay Zübeyir Dündar €10,000 in pecuniary damages, €3,500 in non-pecuniary damages, and €10,000 in costs and expenses. The full judgment is available for viewing at https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/?i=001-70160

Françoise Hampson's typed summary of the 2 May 1994 application of Zübeyde Dulaş submitted to the European Commission of Human Rights (A44/43/1/25/3/1), detailing the various articles of the European Convention on Human Rights which she claims have been violated.

Photocopy of Zübeyde Dulaş's bank statement showing the receipt of payment of the awarded judgment.

Materials pertaining to the case filed by Zübeyde Dulaş on 2 May 1994 against the Republic of Turkey with the European Commission of Human Rights (application number 25801/94, referred to internally within the Kurdish Litigation Project as Case 90 and assigned to Françoise Hampson as lead) regarding the destruction of her home and property during an operation by gendarmes carried out in the village of Çitlibahçe, Diyarbakır Province, on 8 November 1993. Materials in this file include copies of the applicant’s pleading on the merits of the case, the 6 September 1999 report of the Commission on the case, and the memorial of the Turkish Government. Materials pertaining to friendly settlement negotiations present in this file, as well as the Commission's decision on the case's admissibility, are closed to access until 1 November 2073. The full case file is available at A44/43/1/26.
Çitlibahçe was in a district in which terrorist activity was intense in 1993. The PKK used to come to the village, holding meetings and taking food by force. The security forces made regular visits and operations were not uncommon. They told the villagers not to give food to the PKK. Shortly before 8 November 1993, PKK members went to the village of Dadaş in the Hazro district and took away five teachers, the imam and the imam’s brother. All, save one of the teachers, were shot. The imam’s brother, though wounded, survived. Following the discovery of the bodies of the teachers, the gendarmes at Hazro gathered information from their contacts and sources as to what had happened and who had been involved. They had descriptions of the villagers in the area who had been assisting the PKK in holding the group of teachers. On 8 November 1993, an operation, under the command of Lieutenant Altınoluk, was carried out by the Hazro gendarmes in Çitlibahçe, while gendarmes from Lice went to Bağlan nearby. The Commission found that the Hazro gendarmes included Çitlibahçe in the operation since they intended to look for and take into custody Ahmet Çakıcı, who, as a person already under suspicion of involvement in PKK activities, would be likely to have information about the kidnap group that passed through the village. When the gendarmes arrived at the village, early in the morning, they left their vehicles outside and entered. They gathered the men together in one place and the women in another. Ahmet Çakıcı had hidden. A search was carried out by the gendarmes, who also started setting fire to houses. Ahmet Çakıcı was found and taken into custody. He was last seen by the witnesses being taken by village guards and soldiers to the vehicles.
Zübeyde Dulaş had gone into her house when she saw all of the soldiers but had been forced to leave by the soldiers. They set fire to her house, which had seven rooms and was made of timber. The family stored provisions, crops and wheat inside and these, along with the furniture and other household goods, were destroyed. About fifty houses in the village were burned down. She stated that once the gendarmes had caught Ahmet Çakıcı, the gendarmes left. After the departure of the gendarmes, the village was left in ruins and villagers were forced to leave.
Zübeyde Dulaş and other villagers went to Diyarbakır after the operation. Accompanied by her son and three or four other villagers, the applicant went to the Human Rights Association. She made a statement and thumbprinted it. Sometime later, the applicant was summoned to a police station. In his evidence to the Delegates, her son, Avni Dulaş, remembered that she had been summoned to the public prosecutor’s office in about the summer of 1995. He accompanied her there. She had been asked to make a statement. The public prosecutor read out of a file, stating that she had complained to Europe about Turkey. He told the Delegates that he thought the prosecutor was trying to put pressure on his mother.
On 30 January 2001, the European Court of Human Rights unanimously ruled that violations of Articles 3, 8, and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights had occurred, ruled 6 votes to 1 that a violation of Article 13 had occurred, and ruled unanimously that the Government failed to comply with its obligations under former Article 25 § 1 of the Convention. The Government were ordered to pay Zübeyde Dulaş £12,600 sterling in pecuniary damages, £10,000 sterling in non-pecuniary damages, and £14,900 sterling (less 7,500 French francs received in legal aid) in costs and expenses. The full judgment is available for viewing at https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/?i=001-59161
Materials relating to a separate application pertaining to the 8 November 1994 events in Çitlibahçe filed by İzzet Çakıcı, brother of Ahmet Çakıcı, can be found at A44/43/1/20 and A44/43/6/22.

Materials pertaining to the case filed by Zübeyde Dulaş on 2 May 1994 against the Republic of Turkey with the European Commission of Human Rights (application number 25801/94, referred to internally within the Kurdish Litigation Project as Case 90 and assigned to Françoise Hampson as lead) regarding the destruction of her home and property during an operation by gendarmes carried out in the village of Çitlibahçe, Diyarbakır Province, on 8 November 1993. Supplementary materials pertaining to this case are located at A44/43/6/31.
Çitlibahçe was in a district in which terrorist activity was intense in 1993. The PKK used to come to the village, holding meetings and taking food by force. The security forces made regular visits and operations were not uncommon. They told the villagers not to give food to the PKK. Shortly before 8 November 1993, PKK members went to the village of Dadaş in the Hazro district and took away five teachers, the imam and the imam’s brother. All, save one of the teachers, were shot. The imam’s brother, though wounded, survived. Following the discovery of the bodies of the teachers, the gendarmes at Hazro gathered information from their contacts and sources as to what had happened and who had been involved. They had descriptions of the villagers in the area who had been assisting the PKK in holding the group of teachers. On 8 November 1993, an operation, under the command of Lieutenant Altınoluk, was carried out by the Hazro gendarmes in Çitlibahçe, while gendarmes from Lice went to Bağlan nearby. The Commission found that the Hazro gendarmes included Çitlibahçe in the operation since they intended to look for and take into custody Ahmet Çakıcı, who, as a person already under suspicion of involvement in PKK activities, would be likely to have information about the kidnap group that passed through the village. When the gendarmes arrived at the village, early in the morning, they left their vehicles outside and entered. They gathered the men together in one place and the women in another. Ahmet Çakıcı had hidden. A search was carried out by the gendarmes, who also started setting fire to houses. Ahmet Çakıcı was found and taken into custody. He was last seen by the witnesses being taken by village guards and soldiers to the vehicles.
Zübeyde Dulaş had gone into her house when she saw all of the soldiers but had been forced to leave by the soldiers. They set fire to her house, which had seven rooms and was made of timber. The family stored provisions, crops and wheat inside and these, along with the furniture and other household goods, were destroyed. About fifty houses in the village were burned down. She stated that once the gendarmes had caught Ahmet Çakıcı, the gendarmes left. After the departure of the gendarmes, the village was left in ruins and villagers were forced to leave.
Zübeyde Dulaş and other villagers went to Diyarbakır after the operation. Accompanied by her son and three or four other villagers, the applicant went to the Human Rights Association. She made a statement and thumbprinted it. Sometime later, the applicant was summoned to a police station. In his evidence to the Delegates, her son, Avni Dulaş, remembered that she had been summoned to the public prosecutor’s office in about the summer of 1995. He accompanied her there. She had been asked to make a statement. The public prosecutor read out of a file, stating that she had complained to Europe about Turkey. He told the Delegates that he thought the prosecutor was trying to put pressure on his mother.
On 30 January 2001, the European Court of Human Rights unanimously ruled that violations of Articles 3, 8, and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights had occurred, ruled 6 votes to 1 that a violation of Article 13 had occurred, and ruled unanimously that the Government failed to comply with its obligations under former Article 25 § 1 of the Convention. The Government were ordered to pay Zübeyde Dulaş £12,600 sterling in pecuniary damages, £10,000 sterling in non-pecuniary damages, and £14,900 sterling (less 7,500 French francs received in legal aid) in costs and expenses. The full judgment is available for viewing at https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/?i=001-59161.
Materials relating to a separate application pertaining to the 8 November 1994 events in Çitlibahçe filed by İzzet Çakıcı, brother of Ahmet Çakıcı, can be found at A44/43/1/20.

Photograph of Siobhán McKenna, honoured at the Annual Dinner by Zonta, a Business women's association celebrating International Women's Day.